Solution for December:

 There are 44 kids in the circle.  If you think about it, a circle with 4 children will have the 1st kid opposite the 3rd, and the 2nd kid opposite the 4th.  If I told you only that the 2nd kid is opposite of the 4th, you would solve it like this:

4 (4th child) - (opposite of) 2 (2nd child) = 2 (2 kids inside half of the circle)
2 (2 kids inside half the circle) * 2 = 4 (4 kids in the entire circle)

The same math applies for the math puzzle of the month:

29 - 7 = 22
22 * 2 = ...
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